Word and Object. - [THE INDETERMINACY OF TRANSLATION]

1960. (N.Y., Wiley & Sons, 1960). 8vo. Orig. olive green full cloth w. gilt and black lettering and blindstamped seal to front board. A bit of soiling to spine and minor soiling to boards, and minor bumping to capitals and corners. Some underlinings and marginal notes, all in pencil. Cont owner's inscription to front free endpaper: "Eivind Storheim,/ Cambridge 25/9 1962." XV, (1), 294 pp. First edition of Quine's main work, in which he introduces the notorious indeterminacy of translation thesis. This is the most philosophical of all of Quine's works, and it has greatly affected the development of logic, philosophy of language and mathematics and analytic philosophy in general.It is in this work that Quine propounds his "indeterminacy of translation"-thesis, which became central in the development of philosophy of language. "Language is a social art. In acquiring it we have to depend on intersubjectively available cues such as to what to say and when. Hence there is no justification for collating linguistic meanings, unless in terms of men's dispositions to respond overtly to socially observable stimulations." (Preface p. IX).By considering the linguist, who attempts to translate a hitherto unknown language. There are different methods that the linguist could apply as to the breaking down of sentences and distribution of function among the words. Quine reaches the conclusion that if any hypothesis of translation needs to be defended, this can only be by appeal to context, by determining what other sentences the language user would utter in the language that is unknown to the linguist. But even here the indeterminacy of translation sets in, because, according to Quine, any hypothesis can be defended, if only enough other hypotheses of other parts of the language are adopted. This indeterminacy of language also applies to the known languages, and even one's own, and thus Quine implies that there are no such entities as "meanings" of right and wrong. Quine thus denies any absolute standards in translating one language into another, but he admits that there are good and bad translation, -this is just not philosophically or logically relevant. Translation can be inconsistent with behavioral evidence, however and thus Quine propounds his pragmatic view of translation. "Neurath has likened science to a boat, which, if we are to rebuild it, we must rebuild plank by plank while staying afloat in it. The philosopher and the scientist are in the same boat. If we improve our understanding of ordinary talk of physical things, it will not be by reducing that talk to a more familiar idiom; there is none. It will be by clarifying the connections, causal or otherwise, between ordinary talk of physical things and various further matters which in turn we grasp with the help of ordinary talk of physical things." (P. 3 - § 9).